The HEAT LOSSES are mainly affects on the performance of cavity receiver of solar concentrator. In this paper, the experimental and numerical study is carried out for different HEAT LOSSES from cylindrical cavity receiver of 0.35 m cavity diameter and 0.55 m opening diameter with wind skirt. The total and convection LOSSES are studied experimentally to no wind conditions for the temperature range of 60 °C to 80 °C at 0°, 25°, 50°, 75° and 90° inclination angle of cavity receiver .The experimental set up mainly consists of cylindrical cavity receiver which is insulated with glass wool insulation to reduce the HEAT LOSSES from outside surface.. The numerical analysis was carried out with Fluent Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, to study connective HEAT LOSSES for no wind condition. The numerical results are compared with experimental results and found good agreement with maximum deviation of 13%. The effect of inclination angle of cavity receiver on total LOSSES & convection LOSSES shows that as the inclination angle increases from 0o to 90o, both LOSSES decreased due to decreased in convective zone into the cavity receiver. The effect of operating temperature of cavity shows that as the temperature of cavity receiver increases, the total and convective LOSSES goes on increasing. The present results are also compared to the convective LOSSES obtained from M. Prakash. The convective loss from M. Prakash shows nearest prediction to both experimental and numerical results.

The cylinder working fluid mean temperature, rate of HEAT fluxes to combustion chamber and temperature distribution on combustion chamber surface will be calculated in this research. By simulating thermodynamic cycle of engine, temperature distribution of combustion chamber will be calculated by the Crank-Nicolson method. An implicit finite difference method was used in this code.Special treatments for piston movement and a grid transformation for describing the realistic piston bowl shape were designed and utilized. The results were compared with a finite element method and were verified to be accurate for simplified test problems. In addition, the method was applied to realistic problems of HEAT transfer in an Isuzu Diesel engine, and gave good agreement with available experimental.

The entropic potential LOSSES number shows the reduction of energy quality as a function of the entropy produced in a process. In this research, using the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) method, the minimization of the entropic potential LOSSES in a gasket-plate HEAT exchanger has been studied. Considering six design variables: number of plates, cold inlet fluid temperature, mass flow rate of hot fluid, hot inlet fluid temperature, plate pitch, and plate width. The results showed that minimizing the entropic potential LOSSES number increases the HEAT transfer rate by 103% and the efficiency of the HEAT exchanger by 27%. Also, the effect of some geometric and process parameters on the entropic potential loss number has also been investigated in this research. It was observed that by increasing the mass flow rate of the hot fluid in the gasket-plate HEAT exchanger, the entropic potential LOSSES number will increase. It was also seen that the entropic potential loss number will also increase with the increase of hot outlet fluid temperature. It was found that with a decrease of 20 degrees Kelvin in the outlet temperature of the hot fluid, the entropic potential LOSSES number decreased by about 0.06.

One of the main concerns of the world today is reduction of energy resources and rising prices. To counter this, most countries in the world are looking for new solutions to reduce the need for energy in various fields. Energy consumption in buildings has a significant share of the annual energy consumption of countries. About 40% of energy consumption of Iran is annually consumed in HEATing, cooling, and other building needs. Therefore, this sector has a significant potential for improving infrastructure and reducing energy consumption. One of the building components that plays a significant role in the loss of thermal energy is window. Using multiglazed windows filled with ideal gases, a lot of wasteful energy in the building can be reduced. In this paper, the effect of using different multi-glazed windows to reduce building HEAT LOSSES has been investigated. Effect of number of layers, kind of ideal gas and its thickness, and also kind of frame has been studied in this paper. To investigate these factors, thermal LOSSES of a typical building is simulated in the Carrier software. Also, conduction HEAT flux passing through multi-glazed windows for different filling gases is calculated by Fluent software. Based on the results, three-glazed window with Krypton gas has the best performance in reducing HEAT loss of the building and its application improves thermal performance of a single-pane window up to 66%.

This study aimed to determine the effects of chitosan, whole raw soybeans or their interaction on feeding behavior and HEAT LOSSES through thermography assay of Jersey heifers fed high concentrate diets. Twelve Jersey heifers (age of 6± 0. 5 months and 139. 50± 25. 56 kg of live weight, mean± SD) were randomly as-signed to a replicated latin square design with 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. The experimental pe-riod consisted of 14 days of adaptation to the diets, 6 days of sampling and 5 days of wash out. The diets were: control (CO), chitosan (CHI, inclusion of 20 g/kg dry matter (DM) of chitosan), whole raw soybeans (WS, 163. 0 g/kg of WS on diet DM basis), and chitosan + whole raw soybeans (CHI+WS). Chitosan de-creased DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake (0. 79 and 0. 31 kg/d, respectively), increased the eat-ing time (31. 88 min) and decreased the NDF content of regurgitate rumen bolus (57 g). Whole raw soy-beans did not affect feeding behavior, except for a higher time in standing rest. The association of CHI and WS increased the time which animal ruminated stand. The diets did not influence superficial temperature of heifers. However, WS diet increased HEAT LOSSES by radiation and convection. The highest values of HEAT LOSSES were observed after 2 hours of feeding. The interaction of CHI and WS did not alter feeding behavior and HEAT LOSSES. Feeding WS to heifers increased the total HEAT LOSSES.

Industrial effluents is one of the important sources of pollution in industrial activities, including power plants. With the basic control of industrial effluents, in addition to preventing its harmful effects, the consumption of limited water resources is also saved. Due to the high energy consumption of different desalination systems to produce fresh water, as well as the HEAT LOSSES in power plants, a major part of the effluents can be desalinated for reuse in processes that require water. In this study, the simulation of a multi-effect distillation (MED) unit for a steam power plant is done by Thermoflow software. The required thermal energy of the unit is supplied from the boiler blowdown stream. Sensitivity analysis has been done on the basic parameters in the simulation to select the optimal values. In the premier scenario, considering the eavailability of 870 m3/day of effeluent from various units of IRANSHAHR steam power plant, a MED desalination plant with 12 effects with the ability to produce 290 m3/day of fresh water is proposed. The steam consumption rate is 1.1 ton/hr, which is about one seventh of the power plant's boiler capacity. The gain of ratio of the proposed system is equal to 10.2 and the recovery ratio is 33%. The investment cost of the proposed system is 3290 $ per cubic meter of fresh water per day.

Corn harvesting involves some LOSSES. These LOSSES result in decreased benefits. It is almost impossible to lower LOSSES to zero percent but it can be controlled in an acceptable level. As a result of this research, appropriate methods are introduced to decrease LOSSES and reduce waste. In this project, LOSSES in different part of combine were measured and evaluated according to the available standard method (ASAE S396.2 & S343.3).Harvesting LOSSES include preharvest and during harvest LOSSES comprising ear loss and kernal loss in the header, cylinder and cleaning LOSSES.This project was conducted on farmers’ lands in Gazvin province. Some assessments related to yield factors were evaluated in different parts of farm with specified area, e.g. Plant height, ear number, stem diameter, ear diameter, cob diameter, row/ear and seed/row. All LOSSES evaluated in three treatments which they were: seed moisture content (w.b.) in three levels of 19%, 23% and 27%, ground speed in three levels of 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 ms-1 and cylinder speed of 400, 600 and 800 rpm. The split plot experimental design based on the randomised complete block design (RCBD) was used to evaluate treatments.Measured LOSSES compared with standard values to introduce the proper methods to decrease LOSSES and proper adjustments. The results show that appropriate seed moisture content, cylinder and ground speed were 23%, 400 rpm and 1.2 ms-1, respectively. They had minimum total loss whichWAS 1.55%, 2.65% and 2.34%, respectivily. The results also show that there was an ear loss in preharvest loss (because of bad weather condition) that was 0.95-5.42%, also kernal loss on the header and cylinder loss which all related to improper adjustment of combine but total loss was in an acceptable level and standard. It was variable from 1.55% to 4.02%. Other parameters such as using inexperienced driver, improper combine adjustment, and also nonuniformity of field and ear moisture content in different parts of field prevent using the outputs and recommendations of this research.